Pdf neisseria meningitidis b vaccines researchgate. Background primary meningococcal conjunctivitis is assumed to be due to the direct inoculation of neisseria meningitidis into the conjunctival sac from an exogenous source. Meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis disease. Csf, blood are to be investigated in accordance with the communicable disease reporting rule 410 iac 12.
Neisseria meningitidis w5, turkey volume 10, number 5. Breaches in infection control, notification delays, and lack of worker exposure assessment and postexposure chemoprophylaxis pep likely contributed to secondary cases. Kissing, saliva exchange, and transmission of neisseria. Invasive meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis. Cellular and molecular biology of neisseria meningitidis. With effective antimicrobial drug treatment, the recipient has little risk for bacteremia after transplantation of organs from donors dying of n. These guidelines provide comprehensive information on epidemiology and standard techniques for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of meningococcal. These are provisional cases of selected national notifiable diseases, from the national notifiable diseases surveillance system nndss. Working with meningococci in vitro and performing manipulations where aerosols may be generated may result in laboratory acquired infections if appropriate safety precautions are not taken.
We demonstrate by using wholegenome sequencing orogenital transmission of a n. Neisseria meningitidis material safety data sheet infectious substances section i infectious agent name. There are more than 500,000 reported cases of meningococcal disease per year, with an estimated annual death toll of 5,000 zimmer and stephens 2004. Immunology and vaccinepreventable diseases pink book.
Abcs personnel routinely contacted all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. Asymptomatic carriage of neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica was studied in a total of 2,969 healthy infants and children in danbury, conn. Meningococcal disease five major serogroups a, b, c, y, and w5 transmission via direct contact with respiratory secretions of a nasopharyngeal carrier. Household transmission of neisseria meningitidis in the meningitis. The emotional impact of a mistaken diagnosis of gonococcal infection and the need to treat. Jul 18, 2019 data from mathematical models suggest that kissing and saliva exchange during sexual activity might be major contributors to community gonorrhoea morbidity. Neisseria meningitidis is the major cause of seasonal meningitis epidemics in the african. The investigation shall include collecting case information, obtaining laboratory.
Neisseria meningitidis georgia department of public health. Neisseria meningitidis an overview sciencedirect topics. Pilq is a member of the secretin family of outer membrane proteins and is specifically involved in secretion of type iv pili in neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Because transmission of n meningitidis results mainly in asymptomatic carriage, evaluation of oropharyngeal carriage can be helpful to understand the epidemiology and transmission of n meningitidis and, in. We describe the first case of neisseria meningitidis w5 meningitis in turkey. Orogenital transmission of neisseria meningitidis causing. Background information on transmission of meningococcal infection in the african meningitis belt is scarce. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
Because transmission of n meningitidis results mainly in asymptomatic carriage, evaluation of oropharyngeal carriage can be helpful to understand the epidemiology and transmission of n meningitidis. Clients who are identified as exposed contacts and recommended to receive postexposure prophylaxis should be directed to an appropriate resource to receive their pep. Surveillance for neisseria meningitidis disease activity and transmission using information technology. Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gramnegative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a lifethreatening sepsis. Because transmission of n meningitidis results mainly in asymptomatic carriage, evaluation of oropharyngeal carriage can be helpful to. Nndss data reported by the 50 states, new york city, the district of columbia, and the u. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus singular, or gonococci plural is a species of gramnegative diplococci bacteria isolated by albert neisser in 1879.
Despite the fact that the meningococcus is a pathogen of global significance, causing the severe syndromes of meningitis and septicemia, it is a. Neisseria meningitidis the bacterium neisseria meningitidis, the meningococcus, is identical in its staining and morphological characteristics to neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis are the two pathogenic members of the neisseria genus. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. See the article acute urethritis due to neisseria meningitidis group a acquired by orogenital contact. There are bacteria types of germs that can cause bacterial meningitis. Most carrier isolates are shown to lack capsule production. Jan 15, 2010 in the period 19982007, a total of 2262 cases of meningococcal disease were reported from abcs sites. Although there is little evidence to support this, it provokes discussion of the potential role of the oropharynx in gonorrhoea control. Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative, either an encapsulated or unencapsulated, aerobic diplococcus with a kidney or coffeebean shape. Sometimes the bacteria invade the body and cause certain illnesses, which are known as meningococcal disease. Meningococcal meningitis, caused by neisseria meningitidis bacteria, is of particular importance due to its potential to cause large epidemics. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 384k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. This report describes the events surrounding occupational transmission of n.
Surveillance for neisseria meningitidis disease activity and. Select up to three search categories and corresponding keywords using the fields to the right. Changes in neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology in the. Analysis of the pilq secretin from neisseria meningitidis by. Guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease.
These pathogen safety data sheets, regulated under workplace hazardous materials information system whmis legislation, are produced for personnel working in the life sciences as quick safety reference material relating to infectious microorganisms. Neisseria meningitidis definition of neisseria meningitidis. Carriage and transmission of neisseria meningitidis springerlink. It causes the sexually transmitted genitourinary infection gonorrhea as well as other forms of gonococcal disease including disseminated gonococcemia, septic arthritis, and gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Carriage and transmission of neisseria meningitidis request pdf. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions. Neisseria meningitidis endotoxin and capsule transmission by. He called it diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis because of the presence of the organism within leukocytes from the spinal fluid. Data from mathematical models suggest that kissing and saliva exchange during sexual activity might be major contributors to community gonorrhoea morbidity. Routine throat or nasopharyngeal culture of contacts is not helpful in determining who warrants chemoprophylaxis. The bacterium neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus, causes meningococcal meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal infection, cerebrospinal fever, meningococcemia. About 1 in 10 people have these bacteria in the back of their nose and throat without being ill. Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of septicaemia and meningitis.
Neisseria meningitidis haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae streptococcus pyogenes group a strep neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is. The organism was first recognized by weichselbaum in 1887 in the spinal fluid of six patients with acute cerebrospinal meningitis. The value of monitoring antimicrobial resistance is particularly significant for neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae diseases, even if it is for different reasons. Mortality can be very high if the infection is not treated appropriately, and longterm sequelae can be severe even in successfully managed cases. During periods of endemic disease, about 10 % of the general population harbour neisseria meningitidis in the nasopharynx. Single particle averaging was carried out with a total data. Stuart1 neisseria meningitidis carriage was compared in swab specimens of nasopharynx, tonsils, and saliva taken from. Transmission of neisseria meningitidis among asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis. Quick medical attention is extremely important if meningococcal disease is suspected. Occupational transmission of neisseria meningitidis california, 2009. Neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is normally based on gram stain results see table on page 4.
Health, general disease transmission prevention reports meningitis, cerebrospinal risk factors meningococcal meningitis neisseria meningitidis investigations patient outcomes occupational diseases. Appropriate suspending vehicle or syrup vehicle can be used for liquid suspension rifampin orders. Household transmission of neisseria meningitidis in. Todars online textbook of bacteriology chapter on pathogenic neisseriae, agents of gonorrhea, neonatal ophthalmia, and meningococcal meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative diplococcus bacterium that is responsible for endemic and epidemic meningococcal meningitis and fulminant meningococcemia munford 2001. Asymtomatic carriage of neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica in relation to streptococcus.
Transmission of neisseria meningitidis among asymptomatic. Neisseria meningitidis is an exclusive human pathogen. Improved sensitivity and ease of diagnostic testing, as well as increased. Neisseria meningitidis medical management empiric antibiotic treatment after appropriate cultures are obtained treatment with penicillin alone recommended after confirmation of n. The neisseria meningitidis capsule is important for intracellular survival in human cells. Towards understanding the epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis.
We report a case of earlyonset neonatal sepsis suspected to be caused by maternally acquired n. The estimated united states average annual incidence of meningococcal disease was 0. The rationale for this study is to test the hypothesis that the healthmap informatics tools can complement epidemiological data captured by traditional surveillance monitoring systems for meningitis due to neisseria meningitides n. The strain was genotypically unrelated to the clone wet37, isolated from hajj pilgrims in 2000. In scotland please refer to national infection prevention control manual for scotland. Carriage and transmission of neisseria meningitidis. This pathogen may also cause overwhelming sepsis, purpura fulminans, or rarely benign meningococcemia. Neisseria meningitidis sequence type 11 is an emerging cause of urethritis. Meningococcal disease is a contagious infection spread by close contact, such as living with or kissing an infected person. Children younger than 5 years are at greatest risk, followed by teenagers of high school age. Pdf surveillance for neisseria meningitidis disease. Transmission via direct contact with respiratory secretions of a nasopharyngeal carrier most common cause of bacterial meningitis in individuals 218 years approximately 3000 cases each year mortality rates 10% 10% of survivors with severe morbidity mental retardation hearing loss loss of limbs.
A case of heterosexual transmission of neisseria meningitidis group a by fellatio, which resulted in acute purulent urethritis in the male partner, is presented. Occupational transmission of neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria meningitidis meningococcus infectious disease a grampositive coccus which is part of the normal nasopharyngeal flora. These results suggest dissemination of this clonal complex among lowrisk patients. It is a serious condition that can be life threatening. Household transmission of neisseria meningitidis in the. Genomic content of neisseria species journal of bacteriology. Meningitis arises upon inflammation of the meninges, which consists of the membrane that envelops and protects the central nervous system. Bacteria called neisseria meningitidis cause meningococcal disease. Some of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis in the united states include haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus, listeria and neisseria meningitidis. It can be caused by a variety of organisms that include bacteria, fungi or viruses. Infection with neisseria meningitidis can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from transient fever and bacteremia to fulminant disease with death ensuing within hours of the onset of clinical symptoms.
We describe a patient who presented with fulminant meningitis secondary to symptomatic vaginitis in which n. When someone has meningococcal septicemia, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply, damaging the walls of the blood vessels. Meningococcal meningitis is an acute form of bacterial meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis. Transmission of neisseria meningitidis mainly occurs by formation of aerosols generated in the nasopharynx. Neisseria meningitidis university of wisconsinmadison. The 2,272,351base pair genome of neisseria meningitidis strain mc58 serogroup b, a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 53. Improved sensitivity and ease of diagnostic testing, as well as increased screening for extragenital. Ceftriaxone given in a single intramuscular dose is effective in eradicating carriage.
Safe laboratory handling of neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness that is caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Doctors call septicemia a bloodstream infection caused by neisseria meningitidis meningococcal septicemia or meningococcemia. Part of the explanation for this phenomenon is the fact that meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis tends to strike young, previously well individuals and can progress over a matter of hours to death. The epidemiology and serogroup distribution can change very quickly. Maternofetal transmission and perinatal sepsis caused by neisseria meningitidis are rare events despite an awareness that this organism colonizes the female genital tract. A few case reports describe symptomatic infection with neisseria n meningitidis, an organism with potential for causing systemic disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.
Population structure and capsular switching of invasive neisseria meningitidis isolates in the premeningococcal conjugate vaccine eraunited states, 20002005. Symptomatic vaginal infection by neisseria meningitidis. The human species is the only natural host of neisseria meningitidis, an important cause of bacterial meningitis globally, and, despite its association with devastating diseases, n. On the basis of w5 transmission rates and epidemiologic. Meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal infection, cerebrospinal fever, meningococcemia characteristics. Ciprofloxacin, administered to adults in a single oral dose is effective in. Neisseria meningitidis about neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium hosted only by humans and is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the united states. Transmission of neisseria meningitidis among asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis volume 109 issue 2 d. The epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis is dynamic, with risk of meningococcal disease varying widely by region and depending on a confluence of host, organism, and environmental factors. In children and teens, meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis.
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